Medical Monopoly narrates the formation and reorganization of the ‘ethical pharmaceutical industry’ in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries around questions of patents, trademarks, and a series of mutually defining alliances made between the medical profession and the modern pharmaceutical enterprise. “In this important new book, Gabriel traces the surprisingly dynamic relationship between intellectual property and the economics and politics of the pharmaceutical industry. Finally, historians of intellectual property rights will find much to interest them in this book." Specialists in health care policy and public health will find useful insights into contemporary debates over bioequivalence and its global implications. Specialists in the history of medicine, science, and technology will appreciate his work for the fresh perspective he provides on familiar subjects. Gabriel rewrites not only the history of the pharmaceutical industry but that of American medicine as well. Paying careful and fruitful attention to “the relationship between names and things,” he avoids oversimplifying the motives of makers, prescribers, and users of drugs. Like a skilled ethnographer, Gabriel is more intent on reconstructing how past actors conceived of their actions than passing judgment on them. The book is packed with fascinating case studies of products and their makers. To illustrate this complex argument, Gabriel does a superb job of weaving together broad trends in patent, trademark, and antitrust law with the evolution of drug manufacturing and medical practice. is an outstanding addition to new literature. "Gabriel’s study of the early pharmaceutical industry in the U.S. Read More about Medical Monopoly Read Less about Medical Monopoly His book will be of interest not only to historians of medicine and science and intellectual property scholars but also to anyone following contemporary debates about the pharmaceutical industry, the patenting of scientific discoveries, and the role of advertising in the marketplace. Gabriel provides the first detailed history of patent and trademark law as it relates to the nineteenth-century pharmaceutical industry as well as a unique interpretation of medical ethics, therapeutic reform, and the efforts to regulate the market in pharmaceuticals before World War I. By World War I, patented and trademarked drugs had become essential to the practice of good medicine, aiding in the rise of the American pharmaceutical industry and forever altering the course of medicine.ĭrawing on a wealth of previously unused archival material, Medical Monopoly combines legal, medical, and business history to offer a sweeping new interpretation of the origins of the complex and often troubling relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and medical practice today. In the decades following the Civil War, however, complex changes in patent and trademark law intersected with the changing sensibilities of both physicians and pharmacists to make intellectual property rights in drug manufacturing scientifically and ethically legitimate. During most of the nineteenth century, physicians and pharmacists alike considered medical patenting and the use of trademarks by drug manufacturers unethical forms of monopoly physicians who prescribed patented drugs could be, and were, ostracized from the medical community.
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